The main pregnancy test method for dairy cows is rectal palpation performed around 40–45 days from last insemination.
Performing pregnancy tests on milk samples on day 28, compared to rectal palpation post insemination resulted in a 16-day reduction in days open for cows identified as non-pregnant on day 28 compared to day 42 (rectal examination).
Earlier re-insemination of those cows could potentially improve reproductive performance, decrease the amount of non-pregnant cows late in lactation, leading to better planning ability for the farm’s milk production, less forced culling of non-pregnant cows and the possibility of economic improvement.
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https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/3/3/34